Abstract Background A common limitation in guard cell signaling research is that it is difficult to obtain consistent high expression of transgenes of interest in Arabidopsis guard cells using known guard cell promoters here or the constitutive 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter.An additional drawback of the 35S promoter is that ectopically expr

Campylobacter jejuni outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contain numerous virulence-associated proteins including the cytolethal distending toxin and three serine proteases.As C.jejuni lacks the classical virulence-associated secretion systems of other enteric pathogens that deliver effectors directly into target cells, OMVs may have a particularly impo

This paper discusses developments in the mitigation of light-induced degradation caused by boron-oxygen defects in boron-doped Czochralski grown silicon.Particular attention is paid to the fabrication of industrial silicon solar cells with treatments for sensitive materials using illuminated annealing.It highlights the importance and desirability o

Openness has been a feature of higher education for many decades, particularly through the establishment of open universities, although there remain debates about what openness here means in practice.Digital technologies, some based on open principles, and digital content, aided by open licences, have both contributed recently to an extension of wh